Here is a list of useful links:
A. Meat Processing Resources
– Ancient Meat Curing
Cured Meats in Ancient and Byzantine Sources – Ham, Bacon, and Tuccetum
– Anti-Microbial Interventions
Antimicrobial-Interventions_CNath
Antimicrobials in Food. P. Michael Davidson, John N. Sofos, A (Ed) see chapter 6 on nitrite and nitrite by R Bruce Tompkin.
“Lactate is the most popular organic acid used as an antimicrobial agent in meat system since it is also known to enhance meat flavor owing to the salty taste (Doores, 2005). Lactate has also been shown to improve color stability of fresh meat and to function as an antioxidant. (Brewer et al., 1995; Shelef, 1994). The addition of lactate may improve color stability by replenishing the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) when lactate is converted to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase, thereby increasing the metmyoglobin reducing activity. In addition, deoxymyoglobin can convert nitrite to nitric oxide; the generation of excess deoxymyoglobin in turn results in the production of more nitric oxide and reduction in the residual nitrite level (Kim et al., 2006).” (Alahakoon, 2015)
Fresh Meat: Sodium Metabisulphite
Nigerian Considerations: (https://www.nafdac.gov.ng/food/food-regulations/)
NAFDAC Preservative Environment
1. Nigerian Food and Drug Administration and Control Act (1993)
2. NAFDAC Guidelines for Registration of Meat and Poultry Products
3. NAFDAC Food Additives Regulations (2019)
4. NAFDAC Guidelines on Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for the Food Industry (2014)
NAFDAC defers to Codex.
Codex lists the following preservatives (fresh meat):
a. L Ascorbic Acid
8.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted GMP 281 2014
b. Calcium Carbonate
Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts GMP 4, 16 & 326 2015
08.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted GMP 4, 16 & 281 2014
c. Calcium Lactate
08.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted GMP 281 2014
d. CAROTENES, BETA-, VEGETABLE
08.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted 20mg/kg 4 & 16 2011
e. Citric Acid
08.1.2 Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted GMP 15 & 281 2014
Rather investigate using Catholyte water (Radical waters) (antioxidant).
Codex on Sulfites: https://www.fao.org/gsfaonline/groups/details.html?id=161
– Biltong
Processing of South African biltong – A review
– Boning Room Design
– Carcass Wash
Technological Aspects of Acid Decontamination of Carcasses – Pipek, et al
– Chemistry
– Crate Trays
– Colour of Meat
Colour of meat from Fox (1987), The Pigments of Meat, from the Science of Meat and Meat Products.
– Deboning and 5th quarter
– Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Third edition
– Fermented Meat Products
– Functional Ingredients / Organic Acids
From https://www.fsis.usda.gov, a Table of Safe and Suitable Ingredients Meat Industry
– Freezing and Refrigeration (Historical)
– Honey
– Ingredients in Meat Products
Rodrigo_Tarté_Ingredients_in_Meat_Products_Pro
– Iconic Articled
The Dr Polenski article – arbeiten_aus_dem_kaiserlichen_gesundheit
– Labelling Different Cuts and Naming Formulations – USA
labelling-policy-book – what to call different cuts and formulations
– Lawrie’s Meat Science
– LAE
Ethyl Lauroyl Arginate (LAE)- Antimicrobial Activity and Application in Food Systems
– Least Cost Formulations, Ltd.
– Mapanda
– Malondialdehyde
A Comparative Study Of Malondialdehyde Content of Some Meat
– Maltodextrin
– Meat Rinses and Carcass Spray
Microbiology Intervention Methods Organic Acid Rinses
acid_spray_intervention_booklet_from_Penn_State_2005
– Meat Spoilage
Meat Spoilage A Critical Review of a Neglected Alteration Due to Ropy Slime Producing Bacteria
– Nitrogen vs Amino Acid Profile as an Indicator for Protein Content
Total nitrogen vs amino-acid profile as indicator of protein content of beef
– Nitrosylhemochromogen
– NPD
Product Brief template: Product Brief Template Aug 2017
– Preservative
Sodium Lactate (Diederick)
Sodium Diacetate (0.25% of FP) and Potassium Lactate (2% of FP) – see Sebraneck’s Toolbox
– Polony
Utilisation of Pork Rind and Soya Protein in the Production of Polony by Chrispin Mapanda (2011)
– Pig Breeds
– Regulations of Processed Meat Products South Africa
R1283-2019-of-04-October-2019-Regulations-of-Processed-Meat-Products
– Recipe Books
>> Recipe Book by Deli Spices
Deli Spices Processed Meat Recipes
>> Steve B’s – Unknown Cook Book
American. Many years ago an American friend, Steve, sent me this old American Recipe Book. The book has been lost and he did not send me the title page to credit the author. Anyone with information on the publication, please send me the details to ebenvt@gmail.com It is one of my most prized and useful possessions!
>> The-English-and-Australian-Cookery-Book-1864
– Salt Reduction
L Lysine as jy 15% yeast extract en 15% L Lysine, 20% potassium chloride en 50%sout meng
– Salt
Effects of Salts on Preservation and Metabolic Activities of Fish
and Meat Microflora
– Skin Processing
Turns into gelatin at 40 deg C. Don’t go higher than 39 deg C. (Bart de Beer)
– Sodium Lactate Diacetate
sodium lactate diacetate
Fact sheet Sodium diacetate
– Soya
HISTORY OF SOYBEANS AND SOYFOODS IN THE MIDDLE EAST
– Spices and Herbs
From Dr. Francois Mellett, a document listing spices-and-herbs-in-recipes.docx
– Storage of Frozen Meat
The Freezing and Storage of Meat
– Sodium Bicarbonate
On its antimicrobial action: Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Bicarbonate
– SA Legal
For a complete guide to legal requirements in SA, visit SAMPA by clicking on the image below.https://sampa.org.za/
– Temperatures – the watershed 68 deg C
68 deg C is the pivotal temperature that separates fresh, processed, raw and cooked. All products fall in one of the spheres.
Note: Thanks to Dr. Francois Mellette for the short impromptu lesson at his house on the back porch.
– TG
– Thermal Decomposition of Nitrate
The products of thermal decomposition of niter include NO, NO2, and O2 (Oza, 1945). Oza TM. Thermal decomposition of sodium and potassium nitrites. J Indian Chem Soc. 1945; 22: 173–180.
– Transglutaminase
Microbial Transglutaminase and its application in the food industry – A Review
Microbial Transglutaminase and Applications in Food Industry from Microbial Enzyme Technology in Food Applications.
B. Research Resources – History of Meat
The New Cyclopaedia of Domestic Economy and Practical Housekeeper, Elizabeth Fries Ellet, Henry Bill Publishing Company
Wyman’s commercial encyclopædia of leading manufacturers of Great Britain, Wyman and sons
The Sketch, Ingram brothers.
The Cook’s Guide, and Housekeepers and Butler’s Assistant: a Practical Treatise on English and Foreign Cookery in All Branches … Charles Elmé Francatelli
The Family Receipt-book, Or, Universal Repository of Useful Knowledge and Experience in All the Various Branches of Domestic Oeconomy …, Oddy and Company
A Shocking Example, and Other Sketches, Frances Courtenay Baylor, Lippincott
The Farmers’ Cabinet, Kimber & Sharpless
New England Farmer, and Horticultural Register
The Magazine of Domestic Economy, and Family Review, W.S. Orr & Company
A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening, Richard Bradley, T. Woodward
The Lady’s Magazine Or Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex, Baldwin, Cradock & Joy
The Gentleman and Farmer’s Guide For the Increase and Improvement of Cattle, Viz. Lambs, Sheep, Hogs, Calves, Cows, Oxen, Richard Bradley, Mears
The Treasury of Geography, Physical, Historical, Descriptive, and Political, William Hughes, Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts
An Economic History of Russia, James Mavor, J.M. Dent & sons, limited
The Farmer’s Cabinet, and American Herd Book
Rules, Report, List of Subscribers, Maidenhead, Cookham and Bray Thames Angling Association, Diprose, Bateman & Company
Journal, Western Australia. Department of Agriculture
A Treatise on the Breeding of Swine, and Curing of Bacon; with hints on agricultural subjects, Robert Henderson (Farmer in Broomhill, Annan.), Archibald Allardice
The Book of the Pig, James Long, L.U. Gill
Transcaucasia, sketches of the nations and races between the Black sea and the Caspian [tr. by J.E. Taylor]. August Franz L.M. freiherr von Haxthausen, Chapman
Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, Royal Society of Arts (Great Britain), Society
The Journal, South Australia. Department of Agriculture
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents, United States. Patent Office
Meat Production, a Manual for Producers, Distributors, and Consumers of Butchers’ Meat, John Ewart (land surveyor.), Crosby Lockwood & Company
Fraser’s Magazine, Longmans, Green & Company
Industrial Refrigeration, Nickerson & Collins Company
General View of the Agriculture of Buckinghamshire, St. John Priest and Board of Agriculture (Great Britain), Sherwood, Neely, and Jones
Pigs; their origin and varieties, management with a view to profit, and treatment under disease, H. D. Richardson, McGlashan
The Jurist …, S. Sweet
Live Stock Journal, Vinton
Realities of Irish Life, William Steuart Trench, Roberts Brothers
Railway and Canal Traffic Act, 1888, Great Britain. Board of Trade
Harris on the Pig, Joseph Harris, Orange Judd Company
History, Gazetteer and Directory of the County of Hampshire, William White, W. White
History, gazetteer, and directory of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, William White
The London Gazette, Great Britain, T. Neuman
Verzeichnis der von dem Kaiserlichen Patentamt in der Zeit vom … ertheilten Patente, C. Heymann
Chemist and Druggist, Benn Brothers.
The Spectator, F.C. Westley
Parliamentary Papers, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, H.M. Stationery Office
Tourist’s Guide to Somersetshire, Richard Nicholls Worth, E. Stanford
Food & Sanitation, M. Henry
The Journal, South Australia. Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope, Cape of Good Hope (Colony). Dept. of Agriculture
The Agricultural Journal of the Cape of Good Hope, Cape of Good Hope (Colony). Department of Agriculture, Government Printers.
Ulster Journal of Archæology …, Robert Macadam, Francis Joseph Bigger, and Robert Magill Young
Index to Publications of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1901-1925, Mary Alice Bradley
The Complete Grazier, Or, Farmer’s and Cattle-breeder’s and Dealer’s Assistant, Thomas Hartwell Horne, Baldwin and Cradock
Census Reports Tenth Census. June 1, 1880: Power and machinery employed in manufactures, United States. Census Office. 10th Census, 1880
The London Encyclopaedia, Thomas Tegg, U.S. Government Printing Office
The Pharmaceutical Era, D.O. Haynes & Company
The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, Art, and Finance, Macmillan Journals Limited.
Nature, Sir Norman Lockyer, Saturday Review, Limited
The New Idea, F. Stearns & Company
Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. General Services Administration, National Archives and Records Service, Office of the Federal Register
The Oriental Navigator, Or, New Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, Joseph Huddart, Robert Laurie and James Whittle
Experiment Station Record, United States. Office of Experiment Stations, U.S. Government Printing Office
A Topographical Dictionary of England, Samuel Lewis, S. Lewis & Company
The Rural Economy of the Southern Counties; Mr. Marshall (William), G. Nicol, bookseller to His Majesty, Pall Mall; G.G. and J. Robinson, Paternoster-Row; and J. Debrett, Picadilly.
A Tour Thro’ the Whole Island of Great Britain, Daniel Defoe, D. Browne, T. Osborne, C. Hitch and L. Hawes, A. Millar, J. Buckland, J. Rivington, S. Crowder and Company W. Johnston, T. Longman, T. Lowdes, B. Law and Company T. Caslon, and G. Kearsly
Accepted Meat and Poultry Equipment, Scientific and Technical Services, Meat and Poultry Inspection Program, Food Safety and Quality Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery, Prentice & Weissinger
The Indian News and Chronicle of Eastern Affaires
Weekly News Letter, United States. Department of Agriculture, The Department
Area Handbook for the Republic of the Sudan, American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Areas Studies Division, U.S. Government Printing Office
The Naval Chronicle, Containing a General and Biographical History of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, with a Variety of Original Papers on Nautical Subjects, Joyce Gold
Agricultural Surveys: Buckinghamshire (1813), Great Britain. Board of Agriculture
The American Farmer, John S. Skinner
General View of the Agriculture of Buckinghamshire. Drawn Up for the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. By the Rev. St. John Priest, Secretary to the Norfolk Agricultural Society. With an Appendix, Containing Extracts from a Survey of the Same County, Delivered to the Board by Mr. Parkinson, St. John Priest, Richard Phillips, Bridge street
A Catalogue of the Beasts, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, Poultry, &c., Shown at the Meeting of the Society at Salisbury, July 23rd and 24th, 1857. …, Royal Agricultural Society of England, Rogerson and Company
The Farmer’s Magazine Volume the Forty-Ninth January-June MDCCLXXVI January,1876, The Farmers Magazine January,1876
An Encyclopaedia of Agriculture … Including … Supplements Bringing Down the Work to the Year 1844, John Claudius Loudon, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans
The Cyclopædia, Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, Abraham Rees, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
The Monthly Magazine, R. Phillips
The English Cyclopaedia, Charles Knight, Bradbury and Evans
Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, C. Knight
The Cook and Housewife’s Manual … The fifth edition, revised and enlarged, etc, Margaret DODS (pseud. [i.e. Christian Isobel Johnstone.])
Papers Respecting Illicit Trade East India Company East India Company
College Life; Or, The Proctor’s Note-book, Joseph Hewlett, H. Colburn
Chemical Experiments; illustrating the theory, practice and application of the science of chemistry, etc, George William FRANCIS
A Treatise on Food and Diet, Jonathan Pereira, Fowlers & Wells
Ireland of Today, The Times
Journal of Agriculture and Industry of South Australia, South Australia. Dept. of Agriculture, The Department
A Survey of Meat Curing Methods, US Department of Agriculture, Circular no. 894, October 1951, Washington, D. C.
C. Needham (Chinese Chemistry)
D. Assyrian Cmemistry
Thompson, R. C.. 1936. A Dictionary Of Assyrian Chemistry And Geology 1936 (link is the text format to facilitate search in text)